Mastic (plant resin)
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Mastic (Greek: Μαστίχα) is a resin obtained from the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus). In pharmacies and Nature shops it is called "arabic gum" (not to be confused with gum arabic) and "Yemen gum". In Greece it is known as the "tears of Chios," being traditionally produced on that Greek island, and, like other natural resins is produced in "tears" or droplets. Originally liquid, it is sun-dried into drops of hard brittle translucent resin. When chewed, the resin softens and becomes a bright white and opaque gum. The flavor is bitter at first, but after chewing releases a refreshing, slightly piney or cedar flavor.
The word mastic derives from the Greek verb μαστιχειν "to gnash the teeth", which is the source of the English word masticate.[1] The word mastic is a synonym for gum in many languages.
One of the earliest uses of mastic was as chewing gum, hence the name; mastic-flavoured chewing gum is sold in Lebanon.[9] Mastic is used in ice cream, sauces and seasoning in Lebanon. In Egypt, mastic is used in the preparation of different vegetable preserves, as well as jams with a gummy consistency, and in meats and soups. In Morocco, mastic is used in the preparation of smoked foods.
In Turkey, mastic is widely used in desserts such as Turkish delight, dondurma, puddings like sütlaç, salep, and tavuk göğsü, mamelika, and soft drinks, also in the preparation of Turkish coffee on the Aegean Coast.
In the Maghreb countries, mastic is used mainly for cakes, sweets, pastries, and as a stabiliser in meringue and nougat.
In Greece, mastic is used to prepare mastic liqueurs like Mastichato, a spoon sweet known as "vaníllia", beverages, chewing gum, cakes, pastries, sweets, desserts, breads, and in cheese production. It is also a binding material or material preparation stabilizer for oriental sweets like Turkish delight or mastic gum ice cream, and is suitable for preparing a pudding. In desserts, as an ingredient of jam or cakes, mastic is used to replace cornstarch and gelatin. It can also be used to stabilize ice creams.